cleaning mirrors with newspaper

If you want to clean your mirror, you better use a paper from your daily newspaper, those papers don’t leave imprints and drop peaces of paper on the mirror and also it will not harm slight mirrors. It might be the useful tool in your home to burnish your mirrors.

Old-Fashioned Household Tips

Troublesome Ants

A
heavy chalk mark laid a finger's distance from your sugar box and all
around (there must be no space not covered) will surely prevent ants
from troubling.

To Drive Off Fleas

Sprinkle about area a few drops of oil of lavender.

To Keep Flies Off Items

Boil three or four onions in a pint of water and apply with a soft brush, let dry.

To Prevent Lost Children

Label children's hats, scarves, etc., with the name and place of residence so that, if lost, they may be easily restored.

To Soften Hard Water

Hard water becomes nearly soft by boiling.

Household Tips

Coal Ashes For Walking On

Make excellent garden walks with coal ashes. They become very hard by use, and no weeds or grass will grow through them.

To Temper Glass

Lamp
chimneys and glassware for hot water are made less liable to break by
putting in cold water, bringing slowly to boiling point, boiling for an
hour, and allowing to cool before removing from the water.

To Start A Fire In Damp, Still Weather

Light
a few bits of shavings or paper placed upon the top of grate; thus by
the heated air's forcing itself into the chimney and establishing there
an upward current, the room is kept free from the gas and smoke which
is so apt to fill it, and the fire can then be lighted from below with
good success.

To Preserve Old Books

Bindings
may be preserved from mildew by brushing them over with spirits of
wine. A few drops of perfumed oil will secure libraries from the
consuming effects of mold and damp. The Romans used oil of cedar to
preserve valuable manuscripts.

To Hang Pictures

The
cheapest and best material with which to hang pictures is copper wire,
of a size proportioned to the weight of the pictures. When hung the
wire is scarcely visible, and its strength and durability is wonderful.

Household Tips

Finish For Room

A
room with plain white walls is finished beautifully by placing a black
walnut (or the same wood with which the room is finished) molding,
around the room where the border of paper is usually placed, at the
junction of wall and ceiling. The molding, finished in oil, is easily
put up. The upper edge should be rounded, and a space of a quarter inch
left between it and the ceiling.

To hang pictures, buy an "S"
hook, sold at all hardware stores, place one hook over the molding,
hang the picture cord on the other, and slip to the right or left to
the desired position. This saves the wall from injury for picture nails.

Laying Carpets

A
carpet wears better if put down well, and it is better to have it done
by experienced persons when the expense can be afforded and such help
can be had.

Stair Carpets

They
will wear much longer if extra thicknesses of paper are placed over the
edge of each stair, the full width of the carpet, before fastening down.

A Cheap Carpet

Make
a cover for the floor of the cheapest cotton cloth. Tack it down like a
carpet, paper it as you would a wall with paper resembling a carpet in
figures, let it dry, varnish with two coats of varnish, and with
reasonable usage it will last two years.

Household Tips

To Soften Corks

When corks are too large to go into a bottle, throw them into hot water a few moments, and they will soften.

To Keep Cutlery From Rust

Wipe dry, and wrap in coarse brown paper.

To Prevent Iron Rust

Kerosine applied to stoves or farming implements, during summer, will prevent their rusting.

To Destroy Cockroaches

The
following is said to be effectual: These vermin are easily destroyed,
simply by cutting up green cucumbers at night, and placing them about
where roaches commit depredations. What is cut from the cucumbers in
preparing them for the table answers the purpose as well, and three
applications will destroy all the roaches in the house. Remove the
peelings in the morning, and renew them at night.

To Banish Rats Or Mice

Sprinkling cayenne pepper in their holes will banish them.

Household Tips

Everlasting Fence Posts

I
discovered many years ago that wood could be made to last longer than
iron in the ground, but thought the process so simple and inexpensive
that it was not worthwhile making any stir about it.

I would as
soon have poplar, basswood, or quaking ash as any other kind of timber
for fence posts. I have taken out basswood posts after having been set
seven years, which were as sound when taken out as when they were first
put in the ground. Time and weather seemed to have no effect on them.
The posts can be prepared for less than two cents a piece [circa 1860].

This
is the recipe: Take boiled linseed oil and stir it in pulverized
charcoal to the consistency of paint. Put a coat of this over the
timber, and there is not a man that will live to see it rotten.

Honey Uses

Honey is good for sore throat; also good for bee stings.

To Treat Neuralgia

For neuralgia nothing is better than a muslin bag filled with hot salt.

For headache

2 or 3 slices of lemon in a cup of strong tea will cure a nervous headache.

For Bilious Headache

A teaspoon full of lemon juice in a small cup of black coffee will relieve a bilious headache.

Household Tips

To Mend A Crack On Inside Of Kitchen Range

Use
a filling made of equal parts of wood ashes and common salt, made up
into paste with a little water, and plastered over the crack. This will
prove hard and lasting whether the stove, etc., be cold or hot.

To Keep Out Red Ants

A small quantity of green sage placed in a pantry will keep out red ants.

To Cure A Burn

Cut open and scrape a raw potato, bind on burn. Repeat if burning sensation returns.

Cure For Hiccoughs

Sit
erect and inflate the lungs fully. Then, retaining the breath, bend
forward slowly until the chest meets the knees. After slowly rising
again to the erect position, slowly exhale the breath. Repeat this
process a second time, and the nerves will be found to have received an
excess of energy that will enable them to perform their natural
functions.

Flowers May Be Kept Very Fresh Overnight

If
they are excluded from the air. To do this, wet them thoroughly, put in
a damp box, and cover with wet newspaper, then place in a cool spot.

Household Tips

To Clean Hands

Tomato juice will remove stains from and whiten the hands.

To Keep Bar Soap

For
this household tip to work with modern soap, you must first remove the
bars of soap from their wrappers and allow them to dry out. Not only do
the dry bars last longer, but they leave less of a soap residue in the
soap dish. This tip works!

It is a great saving to have bars of soap dry. Dry, hard bars will last longer when used. It should be bought by the quantity.

To Soften Hands

Mutton
tallow is considered excellent to soften the hands. It may be rubbed on
at any time when the hands are perfectly dry. Another good rule is to
rub well in dry oatmeal after every washing, and be particular
regarding the quantity of soap. Cheap soap and hard water are the
unknown enemies of many people, and the cause of rough skin and chapped
hands. Castile soap and rain water will sometimes cure without any
other assistance.

To Soften Hands After Soapsuds

One
can have the hands in soapsuds with soft soap without injury to the
skin if the hands are dipped in vinegar or lemon juice immediately
after. The acids destroy the corrosive effects of the alkali, and make
the hands soft and white.

To Soften Hands Where Roughened

Indian
meal and vinegar or lemon juice used on hands where roughened by cold
or labor will heal and soften them. Rub the hands in this, then wash
off thoroughly.

Household Tips

To Prevent Wooden Bedsteads Creaking

If a bedstead creaks at each movement of the sleeper, remove the slats, and wrap the ends of each in old newspapers.

To Prevent The Cracking Of Bottles And Fruit Jars

If
a bottle or fruit jar that has been more than once used is placed on a
towel thoroughly soaked in hot water, there is little danger of its
being cracked by the introduction of a hot liquid.

To Preserve Oil Cloth

If oil cloth be occasionally rubbed with a mixture of beeswax and turpentine, it will last longer.

Packing Glass Bottles

India-rubber bands slipped over them will prevent breakage.

To Remove Putty

A red-hot iron will soften old putty so that it can be easily removed.

Household Tips

To Make Rag Rugs

Cut
rags and sew hit and miss, or fancy-striped as you choose; use wooden
needles, round, smooth, and pointed at one end, of any convenient
length. The knitting is done back and forth, always taking off the
first stitch. --Anna F. Hisey

To Make A Rustic Picture Frame

A
neat, rustic frame for pictures may be made of cattail rods. Hide the
corners where they are joined with handsome autumn leaves and the
berries of bittersweet.

To Make An Ant Trap

Procure
a large natural sponge, wash it well and press it dry, which will leave
the cells quite open; then sprinkle it with fine white sugar, and place
it near where the ants are troublesome. The ants will soon collect upon
the sponge and take up their abode in its cells. It is then only
necessary to dip the sponge in boiling water, when the ants will be
destroyed, and it may be set over and over again.

To send Messages in Cypher

This household tip is great for keeping kids busy playing spies on a rainy day.

Any
document written in cypher, by which signs are substituted for letters,
or even for words, is liable to be deciphered. The following plans are
free from such objection:

The correspondents select two copies
of the same edition of a book, the word to be used is designated by
figures referring to the page, line, and number of the word in the line.

Or,
the message may be written on a slip of paper wound spirally around a
rod of wood; these can only be deciphered by bringing them into their
original position, by wrapping around a second rod of the same size.

Household Tips

Castor Oil as a Dressing for Leather

Castor
oil, besides being an excellent dressing for leather, renders it
vermin-proof; it should be mixed, say half and half, with tallow or
other oil. Neither rats, roaches, nor other vermin will attack leather
so prepared.

Substitute for a Corkscrew

This old household tip might come in handy sometime when you find yourself without a corkscrew.

A
convenient substitute for a corkscrew, when the latter is not at hand,
may be found in the use of a common wood screw, with an attached string
to pull the cork.

Another: Stick two forks vertically into the
cork on opposite sides, not too near the edge. Run the blade of a knife
through the two, and give a twist.

Another: Fill the hollow at
the bottom of the bottle with a handkerchief or towel; grasp the neck
with one hand, and strike firmly and steadily with the other upon the
handkerchief.

To Keep Up Sash Windows

This
is performed by means of cork, in the simplest manner, and with
scarcely any expense. Bore 3 or 4 holes in the sides of the sash, into
which insert common bottle cork, projecting about the sixteenth part of
an inch. These will press against the window frames along the usual
groove, and by their elasticity support the sash at any height which
may be required.

To Repel Moths

Instead
of moth balls, try using dried lavender blossoms, dried mint leaves, or
cedar shavings (the kind available as pet bedding works well). The
odors of these natural materials are pleasant, yet they repel moths,
and there are no dangers involved as with moth balls.

Moth balls
are poisonous and are considered a pesticide. Avoid inhaling moth ball
fumes and do not use them around young children and pets.

Old-Fashioned White Wash Recipe

7-1/2
lbs unslaked lime, 1-1/2 lbs rock salt, 3/4 lbs cement. Dissolve salt
in 1 gallon of cold water. Pour the salt solution on the lime. Next add
1-1/2 gallons of water to the lime slowly allowing it to slake (it will
get very hot). Finally, sprinkle the cement on a little at a time and
stir mixture thoroughly. Be sure to apply this wash while it is still
hot.

The white wash will take about 2 days to harden, but after
it hardens it will withstand almost any amount of rain or washing.
Warning: Do not spill this mixture on your skin or clothing. It gets
very hot, and lime will burn.

Household Tips

For A Flower Bowl

Cut
a piece of stiff paper the shape and size of the top of an ordinary
bowl. Cut holes in it, as many as desired, for the stems of real or
artificial flowers. Fit paper in bowl and put flower stems through
holes.

To Make Rice Glue

Mix
rice flour smoothly with cold water, and simmer it over a slow fire,
when it will form a delicate and durable cement, not only answering all
the purposes of common paste, but well adapted for joining paper and
card board ornamental work. Rice glue is excellent for use in
scrapbooks.

Economy In Carpets

In
buying a carpet, as in everything else, those of the best quality are
cheapest in the end. As it is extremely desirable that they should look
as clean as possible, avoid buying a carpet that has any white in it.
Even a small portion of white interspersed through the pattern will in
a short time give it a dingy appearance.

If you cannot obtain a
hearth rug that exactly corresponds with the carpet, get one entirely
different, for a decided contrast looks better than a bad match.

Old-Time Cooking Tips

Slicing Pineapples

The
knife used for peeling a pineapple should not be used for slicing it,
as the rind contains an acid that is apt to cause a swollen mouth and
sore lips. The Cubans use salt as an antidote for the ill effects of
the peel.

To Sweeten Milk

Milk which is slightly turned or changed may be sweetened and rendered fit for use again by stirring in a little baking soda.

To Scald Milk

Put
in top of double boiler, having water boiling in under part. Cover, and
let stand on top of range until milk around edge of double boiler has a
bead-like appearance.

To Prevent Milk Curdling

A pinch of soda stirred into milk that is to be boiled will prevent curdling.

To Preserve Milk

A spoonful of grated horseradish will keep a pan of milk sweet for days.

To Keep Milk Sweet

Milk will keep sweet longer in a shallow pan than in a pitcher.

Cream For Emergencies

A good substitute for cream can be made with fresh milk, a little butter and flour.

To Test Nutmegs

Prick them with a pin; if good, the oil will instantly spread around the puncture.

Grating Nutmegs

Always grate nutmegs at the blossom end first.

To Caramelize Sugar

Put
sugar in a smooth granite saucepan or omelet pan, place over hot part
of range, and stir constantly until melted and of the color of maple
syrup. Care must be taken to prevent sugar from adhering to sides of
pan or spoon.

Cooking Tips

To Make Caramel

Continue
the caramelization of sugar until syrup is quite brown and a whitish
smoke arises from it. Add an equal quantity of boiling water, and
simmer until of the consistency of a thick syrup. Of use in coloring
soups, sauces, etc.

To Blanch Almonds

Cover
Jordan almonds with boiling water and let stand two minutes; drain, put
into cold water, and rub off the skins. Dry between towels.

To Shred Almonds

Cut blanched almonds in thin strips lengthwise of the nut.

To Make Macaroon Dust

Dry macaroons, pound and sift.

To Shell Chestnuts

Cut
a half-inch gash on flat sides and put in an omelet pan, allowing
one-half teaspoon butter to each cup chestnuts. Shake over range until
butter is melted. Put in oven and let stand five minutes. Remove from
oven, and with a small knife take off shells. By this method shelling
and blanching is accomplished at the same time, as skins adhere to
shells.

To Add Flavoring Extracts And Wine

They
should be added if possible to a mixture when cold. If added while
mixture is hot, much of the goodness passes off with the steam.

To Prevent Salt From Lumping

Mix with cornstarch, allowing one teaspoon cornstarch to six teaspoons salt.

After Broiling Or Frying

If any fat has spattered on range, wipe surface at once with newspaper.

Using Bread Crumbs For Pastry

This old cooking tip makes a tasty dessert.

Many
puddings that are commonly baked in a crust, such as coconut, potato,
apple, and lemon, are equally as good and more wholesome, made by
strewing grated bread crumbs over a buttered pie plate or pudding dish
to the usual depth of crust; pour in the pudding filling, strew another
layer of bread crumbs over the top, and bake.

Keeping Coffee

Keep coffee by itself, as its odor affects other articles.

Cooking Tips

To Keep Oranges And Lemons

They keep best wrapped in soft paper, and, if possible, laid in a wooden drawer.

To Keep Apples

They keep in dry place, as cool as possible without freezing.

When Baking Pies, Cakes, Cookies, Etc.

A bowl containing two quarts of water, set in an oven when baking, will prevent pies, cakes, cookies, etc., from being scorched.

To Store Flour

Keep flour cool, dry, and securely covered.

Gathering Herbs

Gather herbs when beginning to blossom; keep in paper sacks.

Cake Icing Tip

A pinch of soda in your icing will keep it moist and prevent its cracking on the cake.

To Prevent Pots From Boiling Over

Rub butter or lard on the rim of a pot, and it won't boil over readily.

To Cure Salty Soup

A raw potato added to the soup will absorb the extra salt.

Oatmeal

One-third cup of dry oatmeal in buckwheat cakes takes away the raw taste and makes cakes flaky.

To Dry Herbs

Dry
the gathered crop, thinly spread out and shaded from the sun, tie the
herbs in small bundles, and keep them compactly pressed down and
covered with white paper; or, after drying them, put each sort into a
small box, and by means of boards fitted in it, and a screw-press,
press the herbs into cakes or little trusses. These should be
afterwards carefully wrapped up in paper and be kept in a dry place,
when they will retain their aroma as perfectly as when they were put
into the press, for at least three years. By the common method of
hanging up herbs in loose bundles the odor soon escapes.

Cooking Tips

To Prevent A Tough Omelet

A little boiling water added to an omelet as it thickens will prevent it being tough.

To Cut Hard-Boiled Eggs

To cut hard-boiled eggs in smooth slices, dip the knife first in water.

To Prevent Heavy Cake And Breads

Much of the heavy cake and bread is the result of the oven door being slammed. Close as gently as possible.

To Cut Potatoes

An empty tin baking powder can makes a good cutter for slaw or potatoes.

To Make Fowl Tender

A little vinegar in the water will help make tender an old fowl when cooking.

To Keep Bread Sweet

A pinch of ginger will keep bread sweet.

To Beat White Of Egg Quicker

A pinch of salt will make the white of an egg beaten quicker.

To Prevent Scorching

Salt placed under baking tins in oven will prevent contents from scorching.

To Remove Cake From Pan

If cake sticks to the pan, set it on a wet cloth 5 minutes and cake can be removed.

To Remove Odor From Oven

If juice from pies runs out in oven, salt sprinkled on juice will remove the odor and smoke.

Cooking Tips

To Peel Oranges

This old-time cooking tip can be used with a microwave oven, but only heat for a few seconds.

Heat oranges a few minutes in oven before peeling, then the white inner skin will come off with the rind.

To Make Tough Meat Tender

Lay it a few minutes in a strong vinegar water.

Salt will Curdle New Milk

Hence, in preparing porridge, gravies, sauces, etc., the salt should not be added until the dish is prepared.

To Keep Fresh Meat

Never allow fresh meat to remain in paper; it absorbs the juices.

To Prevent Odor Of Boiling Ham Or Cabbage

Throw red pepper pods or a few bits of charcoal into the pan they are cooking in.

To Prevent Mold on the Top of Glasses of Jelly

Just
lay a lump of paraffin wax on the top of the hot jelly, letting it melt
and spread over it. If preferred, the paraffin can be melted and poured
over after the jelly is cold.

To Prevent Burning Saucepan

To
prevent burning saucepan when boiling milk, sprinkle bottom of the pan
with granulated sugar. Let it get hot, then pour in the milk. It also
keeps milk from boiling over.

To Keep Syrup From Crystallizing

A pinch of soda added to any boiled syrup will keep it from crystallizing.

When Squeezing Lemons

Heat lemons well before squeezing and there will be double the quantity of juice.

To Keep Salt From Sticking

A few grains of rice placed in the bottom of a salt cellar will keep salt from sticking in damp weather.

Cooking Tips

To Cook Cranberries

Add one-quarter teaspoon soda to cranberries while cooking and they will not require much sugar.

When Baking Fruit Pies

To
keep juice from running out of fruit pies, insert a small cornucopia of
white note paper into the center of the pie so that it is about twice
the height of the pie.

To Separate Eggs

When
separating eggs, if you drop a portion of egg yolk into the whites,
moisten a cloth with cold water, touch to the yolk, and it will adhere
to it.

To Make Fancy-Shaped Sandwiches

Cut bread for fancy sandwiches lengthwise instead of across the loaf and there is less waste.

After Freezing Ice Cream

Empty remaining cracked ice into sack; ice will melt, leaving salt which can be used again.

To Secure Dishes On Ice

Place rubber ring from fruit jar under dishes. Ring will adhere to both ice and dish.

Preventing Custard Pie Shrinking

When
a custard pie shrinks from the crust, it has been baked in too hot an
oven. The oven should be hot for the first eight or ten minutes, in
order to bake the pastry so that it will not become soaked with liquid.
Then reduce the heat or the custard will boil.

Testing Eggs For Freshness

If
an egg is strictly fresh it will, when placed in a pan of water, lie on
its side at the bottom of the pan. If stale, it will stand on end, and
if very old, it will rise to the surface.

To Remove Cooking Odors From Hands

Wash hands and before drying them rub on about 1 teaspoon of dry mustard powder.

Baking Apples

Prick the skin of the apples and they will cook without bursting.

Cooking Tips

To Remove Cooking Odor

Should
food become burnt while in the process of cooking, sprinkle two or
three coffee grains over the hot stove or element. The fragrance of the
burning coffee will kill the burning smell.

Cooking Pancakes

Dip the spoon in milk or water and the pancake batter will drop off the spoon easily.

To Slice Potatoes

First hold the paring knife over a hot stove or in boiling water and the potatoes will slice easily.

Beating Egg Whites

Never beat eggs in an aluminum pan, as it is sure to darken them.

Cake Icing Tip

A wee pinch of salt will stop icing from going sugary.

Butter Icing Tip

Add tablespoon of flour in butter icing to prevent melting.

An article by homemade-dessert-recipes.com

Calcium supplements

Adding calcium to your diet may boost your blood levels of HDL (good) cholesterol. Studies show that older women, who took 1,000 milligrams of calcium a day for one year had a significant increase in their blood levels of HDL cholesterol. This type of cholesterol helps your body protect against heart disease by cleaning other fats out of your bloodstream.

Polish Silver Ornaments

To polish silver ornaments and silverware, rub toothpaste on them and then wash it off after it dries.

Food stains off your fingers

Potatoes will take food stains off your fingers. Just slice and rub raw potato on the stains and rinse with water.

Air Freshner for mirrors

Use air-freshner to clean mirrors. It does a good job and better still and leaves a lovely smell to the shine.

Remove old wax from a glass candle holder

To remove old wax from a glass candle holder, put it in the freezer for a few hours. Then turn it upside down. The wax will fall out.

Wash your Jeans

Wash jeans inside out. The first wash should be without detergent.

Clean and polish copper vessels

To clean and polish copper vessels, make a paste of equal parts of flour and salt with vinegar and scrub gently.

Stickers

Stickers can be removed from wood by applying vinegar to the sticker, letting it soak and then scraping it off.

Perspiration Stains

To remove perspiration stains in clothing, soak in warm vinegar and water.

Prevent Ants

To prevent ants inside the house, make a mixture of 2/3 cup water, 1/3 cup white vinegar and 2-3 tablespoons dish soap and spray.

Scuff Marks

Lemon juice will remove scuff marks from leather bags and shoes.

Baking Substitutions

Baking Powder

To replace 1 teaspoon baking powder, use 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar plus 1/4 teaspoon baking soda.

Honey

For
1 cup of honey, use 1-1/4 cups granulated sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid.
You could also try using 3/4 cup corn syrup plus 1/2 cup granulated
sugar. Molasses can be used in equal measure as a honey substitute, but
it will affect the flavor.

Fresh, Whole Milk

For 1 cup fresh milk, use 1 cup skim plus 2 teaspoons butter.

Heavy Cream

A
good substitute for heavy cream in baking can be made with 3/4 cup
whole milk plus 1/2 to 1/3 cup butter and a little flour. You can also
try using an equal quantity of plain yogurt in some dishes.

Maple Syrup

For
1 cup maple sugar, use 3/4 cup corn syrup plus 1/4 cup butter and
flavor to taste with maple extract. You can also substitute honey in
equal measure, but the flavor will be affected.

Shortening

Butter or margarine may be substituted for shortening in equal measure.

Brown Sugar

Use 3/4 cup granulated sugar and 1/4 cup molasses to replace 1 cup brown sugar.

Powdered, Confectioner's Sugar

For every 4 cups powdered confectioner's sugar, use 3 cups granulated sugar well dissolved.

Ammonium Bicarbonate

For 1 teaspoon ammonium bicarbonate, use 1-1/4 teaspoons baking soda. Ammonium bicarbonate is sometimes used in baking cookies.

Chocolate Square

You can replace 1 chocolate square with 3 tablespoons cocoa and 1 tablespoon butter.

White Granulated Sugar

1/2 cup molasses or corn syrup can be used for 1 cup sugar, but liquid in the recipe must be reduced by 1/2 cup.

3/4 cup honey can replace 1 cup granulated sugar, but reduce liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup.

If you don't mind the change in flavor, you can use 1 cup firmly packed brown sugar for 1 cup granulated sugar.

Corn Syrup

For
a simple corn syrup substitution, replace 1 cup corn syrup with 1 cup
granulated sugar and increase liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup.

Baking Substitutions

Raisins

Almost
any kind of chopped dried fruit can be substituted for raisins.
Currants or chopped dates can be used in a recipe with good results.

Chocolate Chips

Chop about 6 ounces of semisweet chocolate to replace 1 cup of semisweet chocolate chips.

Treacle

Corn syrup or light molasses can be substituted for treacle in equal measure.

Eggs

2 egg whites or 2 egg yolks can be used for 1 whole egg.

Sour Milk

Simply stir in about 1 tsp of white vinegar to 1 cup milk. Buttermilk can also be substituted in equal measure.

Sour Cream

As a substitution for sour cream, simply use an equal measure of plain yogurt in most recipes.

Cornstarch

For thickening purposes, you can use 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour to replace 1 tablespoon cornstarch.

Cinnamon

Use 1/2 teaspoon ground all spice to replace 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon.

Cream of Tartar

There is no effective cream of tartar substitute, but you can try using an equal quantity of white vinegar in a pinch.

Molasses

Honey may be used in equal measure, but it will affect the flavor.

Buttermilk

For
1 cup buttermilk, add 1 teaspoon white vinegar to 1 cup whole milk. You
can also use 1/3 cup whole milk with 2/3 cup plain yogurt as a
buttermilk substitute.

Allspice

Use 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves and 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon to replace 1 teaspoon allspice.

Cooking Wine

You
can replace red cooking wine with the same quantity of grape juice or
cranberry juice. To replace white cooking wine use apple juice or white
grape juice. The flavor will be affected somewhat.

Lemon Zest

For 1 teaspoon of fresh lemon zest, use 1/2 teaspoon lemon extract.

Marshmallows

Use 1 cup of miniature marshmallows to replace 10 large marshmallows.

Rum

As a substitution for rum when baking, use 1 part rum extract plus 3 parts water.

An article by homemade-dessert-recipes.com